🔬 Plant & Animal Cells

Plant and Animal Cells

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. Every organism, from the tiniest bacterium to the largest whale, is made of cells. There are two main types of cells that students learn about in life science: plant cells and animal cells. Both types share many structures but also have important differences.

Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleus acts as the control center, containing DNA that directs all cell activities. Mitochondria are the powerhouses that convert food into energy. Ribosomes build proteins that the cell needs to function.

Plant cells have three structures that animal cells lack. A rigid cell wall outside the cell membrane provides extra support. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis, converting sunlight into food. A large central vacuole stores water and helps maintain the cell's shape. Animal cells, on the other hand, have smaller vacuoles and lack cell walls, which is why animal bodies are more flexible.

This interactive diagram lets you click on each cell organelle to learn its name, function, and whether it is found in plant cells, animal cells, or both. A comparison mode places both cell types side by side. Ideal for biology lessons in grades 5 through 8.

Last reviewed: April 2026